If your dog is acting more sluggish than usual, gaining weight without dietary changes, or experiencing fur loss, there may be more going on beneath the surface. Canine hypothyroidism is a hormonal imbalance that occurs when your dog’s thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones to support a healthy metabolism.
This condition is especially common in middle-aged dogs, particularly medium to large breeds. While the diagnosis may sound serious, the good news is that hypothyroidism is manageable with the right care.
Common Symptoms of Hypothyroidism in Dogs
Recognizing the symptoms early is key to effective management. Common signs include:
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Lethargy or reduced energy
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Unexplained weight gain
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Thinning fur or bald patches
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Cold intolerance
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Slower-than-average heart rate
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Skin infections or chronic ear issues
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Behavioral changes, such as anxiety or depression (for example, after the loss of a family member)
Types and Causes of Hypothyroidism
Most dogs with hypothyroidism have primary hypothyroidism, where the thyroid glands themselves are underactive. Common causes of this type include:
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Immune-mediated destruction of the thyroid gland (the most common cause)
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Gradual thyroid shrinkage over time
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Rarely, tumors or congenital conditions
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Certain medications or previous treatments, such as steroid use
Diagnosis
Diagnosing hypothyroidism is typically simple and non-invasive. Your veterinarian may perform:
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A complete physical exam
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Blood tests to check thyroid hormone levels, especially T4 and TSH
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Additional blood work to rule out other health concerns
These tests usually take less than 10 minutes and are very reliable.
Treatment Options
Hypothyroidism is a lifelong condition, but treatment is highly effective. Most dogs do very well on:
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Daily thyroid hormone replacement (levothyroxine)
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Regular monitoring to adjust dosage as needed
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Nutritional support, including high-protein diets or omega fatty acids
Improvements in energy levels and coat condition are often noticeable within just a few weeks.
Living With a Hypothyroid Dog
Managing a dog with hypothyroidism is very doable. Here are some helpful tips:
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Stay consistent with medication and dosage
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Attend regular veterinary checkups every 6 to 12 months
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Feed a balanced, nutritious diet
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Keep an eye on changes in your dog’s weight, energy, or coat condition
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Keep your dog active to support metabolism
With proper care, hypothyroid dogs can live full, happy lives.
Can You Prevent Hypothyroidism?
Unfortunately, hypothyroidism is typically not preventable, especially when it results from autoimmune or genetic factors. However, early detection and consistent treatment make a significant difference in your dog’s long-term health and happiness.
What to Do Next
If you've noticed any changes in your dog’s behavior, weight, or appearance, don’t wait. Hypothyroidism is manageable, but only if it is diagnosed. Talk to your veterinarian today, and explore trusted resources to stay informed about your dog's health needs.
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